光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)是(shi)一(yi)種具(ju)(ju)有光(guang)(guang)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)轉換特(te)(te)(te)(te)性(xing)(xing)的半導(dao)體(ti)器(qi)件(jian)，它直接將太(tai)陽輻射能轉換成直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，是(shi)光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的最基(ji)本單元(yuan)，光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)特(te)(te)(te)(te)有的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)特(te)(te)(te)(te)性(xing)(xing)是(shi)借助與在(zai)晶體(ti)硅中(zhong)摻入某些元(yuan)素（例如磷或硼等），從而在(zai)材料的分子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷里(li)造成永久的不平(ping)衡(heng)，形成具(ju)(ju)有特(te)(te)(te)(te)殊(shu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)性(xing)(xing)能的半導(dao)體(ti)材料，在(zai)陽光(guang)(guang)照射下具(ju)(ju)有特(te)(te)(te)(te)殊(shu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)性(xing)(xing)能的半導(dao)體(ti)內可以產(chan)生(sheng)自由(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷，這些自由(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷定向移(yi)動并積累(lei)，從而在(zai)其兩端閉合時便(bian)產(chan)生(sheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能，這種現象被(bei)稱為“光(guang)(guang)生(sheng)伏(fu)打效應”簡(jian)稱光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)效應。