近日，國(guo)家發展(zhan)改革(ge)委、工業和(he)信息(xi)化部、國(guo)家能源局印發《關于(yu)開展(zhan)零碳(tan)園區建設的通(tong)(tong)(tong)知(zhi)(zhi)》（發改環資(zi)〔2025〕910號，以下(xia)簡稱《通(tong)(tong)(tong)知(zhi)(zhi)》）。國(guo)家發展(zhan)改革(ge)委有關負責(ze)同志(zhi)就《通(tong)(tong)(tong)知(zhi)(zhi)》接受采(cai)訪，回答了記者提問。

問：開展零碳園區建設的背景和意義是什么？

答：當前，我國(guo)已進(jin)入實(shi)現(xian)碳(tan)達(da)峰目標、加緊經濟社會發展全面綠(lv)色(se)轉型的關鍵期，雖然(ran)過(guo)去(qu)五年“雙碳(tan)”工作取得積極進(jin)展和顯著成效，但也面臨著新能源(yuan)消納壓力增大、高(gao)耗能行業深度降碳(tan)困難、低碳(tan)零碳(tan)負碳(tan)技術推廣應用(yong)受限等(deng)挑(tiao)戰(zhan)，亟待(dai)通過(guo)政策(ce)創新、技術創新、模式創新實(shi)現(xian)“破局”。

零(ling)碳園(yuan)區(qu)是(shi)指(zhi)通過(guo)規劃、設計、技術、管(guan)理等方式，使園(yuan)區(qu)內生產生活(huo)活(huo)動產生的(de)二氧化碳排放降(jiang)至“近零(ling)”水平(ping)，并具(ju)備進一(yi)步達到“凈零(ling)”條件的(de)園(yuan)區(qu)。2024年中央經濟(ji)工作(zuo)會議(yi)要求(qiu)“建立一(yi)批(pi)零(ling)碳園(yuan)區(qu)”，2025年政府工作(zuo)報告再次作(zuo)出明確部署。這是(shi)黨中央、國(guo)務院對“雙碳”工作(zuo)的(de)最新部署，也(ye)是(shi)深入推進綠色轉(zhuan)型(xing)的(de)重(zhong)要抓手。

總的(de)(de)看，建設(she)(she)零(ling)(ling)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)園(yuan)(yuan)區(qu)(qu)有(you)5方(fang)面(mian)重大意義：一是(shi)加(jia)快能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)綠(lv)色(se)(se)轉型。要(yao)實(shi)現“零(ling)(ling)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)”，園(yuan)(yuan)區(qu)(qu)必須綜合(he)采(cai)取綠(lv)色(se)(se)電力直(zhi)接供(gong)應(ying)、科(ke)學配置調節性(xing)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)、強(qiang)化(hua)需(xu)求側管理(li)(li)等多(duo)種方(fang)式，大幅(fu)提(ti)高非化(hua)石能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)消費比重，這將為新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)供(gong)給消納提(ti)供(gong)新(xin)模式新(xin)實(shi)踐。二是(shi)引(yin)導產(chan)(chan)業深(shen)度(du)脫碳(tan)(tan)(tan)。以(yi)零(ling)(ling)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)園(yuan)(yuan)區(qu)(qu)為載(zai)體(ti)，探(tan)索綠(lv)色(se)(se)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)制(zhi)造綠(lv)色(se)(se)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)的(de)(de)“以(yi)綠(lv)制(zhi)綠(lv)”模式，引(yin)導傳(chuan)統產(chan)(chan)業探(tan)索深(shen)度(du)脫碳(tan)(tan)(tan)路徑，賦能(neng)新(xin)興(xing)產(chan)(chan)業綠(lv)色(se)(se)低碳(tan)(tan)(tan)高質量(liang)發(fa)展(zhan)。三是(shi)促(cu)進(jin)區(qu)(qu)域(yu)協調發(fa)展(zhan)。立足(zu)區(qu)(qu)域(yu)產(chan)(chan)業發(fa)展(zhan)和(he)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)稟(bing)賦比較(jiao)優勢(shi)，統籌布(bu)局建設(she)(she)一批(pi)零(ling)(ling)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)園(yuan)(yuan)區(qu)(qu)，引(yin)導高載(zai)能(neng)產(chan)(chan)業有(you)序向資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)可(ke)(ke)支撐、能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)有(you)保障、環(huan)境有(you)容量(liang)的(de)(de)園(yuan)(yuan)區(qu)(qu)轉移集聚(ju)，有(you)利于相關(guan)產(chan)(chan)業形成合(he)理(li)(li)分工和(he)良性(xing)循環(huan)。四是(shi)適應(ying)綠(lv)色(se)(se)貿易規(gui)則。當前碳(tan)(tan)(tan)排(pai)放要(yao)求正逐步融入國際貿易規(gui)則和(he)供(gong)應(ying)鏈體(ti)系。零(ling)(ling)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)園(yuan)(yuan)區(qu)(qu)擁有(you)可(ke)(ke)溯源(yuan)(yuan)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)供(gong)應(ying)系統和(he)全流程碳(tan)(tan)(tan)足(zu)跡管理(li)(li)體(ti)系，可(ke)(ke)以(yi)幫(bang)助企(qi)業大幅(fu)降低產(chan)(chan)品(pin)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)足(zu)跡、增強(qiang)“綠(lv)色(se)(se)競爭力”。五是(shi)打(da)造零(ling)(ling)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)示范(fan)樣板。建設(she)(she)零(ling)(ling)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)園(yuan)(yuan)區(qu)(qu)不僅對碳(tan)(tan)(tan)減排(pai)有(you)直(zhi)接貢獻，更重要(yao)的(de)(de)是(shi)通(tong)過(guo)園(yuan)(yuan)區(qu)(qu)層(ceng)面(mian)“零(ling)(ling)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)細胞(bao)”的(de)(de)實(shi)踐，為碳(tan)(tan)(tan)中和(he)目標下建設(she)(she)“零(ling)(ling)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)社會”積累經驗、探(tan)索路徑、打(da)造樣板。

問：建設零碳園區包括哪些重點任務？

答：建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)零碳(tan)(tan)(tan)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)一項創新(xin)(xin)性很強的(de)工(gong)作，需(xu)要系統謀(mou)劃、統籌(chou)推(tui)進。《通(tong)知》提(ti)(ti)出(chu)8方面重(zhong)點任務：一是(shi)(shi)(shi)加(jia)(jia)(jia)快(kuai)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)用(yong)(yong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)結構(gou)轉型(xing)，因地制(zhi)宜(yi)發(fa)展綠(lv)(lv)電直連、新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)就近接(jie)入增量配電網(wang)等綠(lv)(lv)色(se)電力直接(jie)供應(ying)模(mo)式，推(tui)動園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)供熱(re)(re)系統實(shi)現清(qing)潔低(di)(di)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)化(hua)(hua)。二(er)是(shi)(shi)(shi)大(da)力推(tui)進園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)節(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)降(jiang)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)，推(tui)動園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)建(jian)(jian)立(li)健全用(yong)(yong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)和碳(tan)(tan)(tan)排(pai)(pai)放管理制(zhi)度，實(shi)施(shi)節(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)降(jiang)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)改(gai)造(zao)和用(yong)(yong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)設(she)(she)備更新(xin)(xin)，鼓勵企(qi)業(ye)(ye)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)極(ji)致能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)效(xiao)工(gong)廠(chang)、零碳(tan)(tan)(tan)工(gong)廠(chang)。三是(shi)(shi)(shi)調整(zheng)優化(hua)(hua)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)產業(ye)(ye)結構(gou)，鼓勵園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)加(jia)(jia)(jia)快(kuai)自身產業(ye)(ye)結構(gou)優化(hua)(hua)調整(zheng)，布局(ju)發(fa)展低(di)(di)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)耗(hao)、低(di)(di)污染、高(gao)附(fu)加(jia)(jia)(jia)值的(de)新(xin)(xin)興產業(ye)(ye)，探索(suo)“以綠(lv)(lv)制(zhi)綠(lv)(lv)”模(mo)式，支持高(gao)載能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)產業(ye)(ye)有序轉移(yi)集(ji)聚。四是(shi)(shi)(shi)強化(hua)(hua)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)節(jie)約集(ji)約，提(ti)(ti)高(gao)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)集(ji)約利(li)用(yong)(yong)水平，健全園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)廢棄(qi)物(wu)循(xun)環利(li)用(yong)(yong)網(wang)絡，加(jia)(jia)(jia)強各類(lei)廢棄(qi)物(wu)的(de)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)化(hua)(hua)利(li)用(yong)(yong)。五是(shi)(shi)(shi)完(wan)善(shan)升級園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)基礎(chu)設(she)(she)施(shi)，系統推(tui)進電力、熱(re)(re)力、燃氣、氫能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)、供排(pai)(pai)水、污染治(zhi)理等基礎(chu)設(she)(she)施(shi)的(de)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)改(gai)造(zao)，完(wan)善(shan)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)綠(lv)(lv)色(se)建(jian)(jian)筑、綠(lv)(lv)色(se)交通(tong)基礎(chu)設(she)(she)施(shi)。六(liu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)加(jia)(jia)(jia)強先(xian)進適用(yong)(yong)技(ji)術(shu)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)，支持園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)探索(suo)綠(lv)(lv)色(se)低(di)(di)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)技(ji)術(shu)研發(fa)與(yu)產業(ye)(ye)發(fa)展深(shen)度融(rong)合機制(zhi)，圍繞(rao)低(di)(di)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)零碳(tan)(tan)(tan)負碳(tan)(tan)(tan)先(xian)進適用(yong)(yong)技(ji)術(shu)打造(zao)示范應(ying)用(yong)(yong)場景。七是(shi)(shi)(shi)提(ti)(ti)升園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)管理能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力，建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)管理平臺，強化(hua)(hua)用(yong)(yong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)負荷監控、預測與(yu)調配能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力。八是(shi)(shi)(shi)支持園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)加(jia)(jia)(jia)強改(gai)革創新(xin)(xin)，支持政府(fu)、園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)、電網(wang)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)、能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)綜合服務商(shang)等各類(lei)主體參與(yu)零碳(tan)(tan)(tan)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)，探索(suo)新(xin)(xin)模(mo)式新(xin)(xin)機制(zhi)。

問：建設零碳園區需要什么樣的條件？如何評判“零碳”？

答：《通(tong)知》明確，建設(she)零(ling)碳園區(qu)(qu)(qu)需要(yao)滿足以下4方面(mian)基本(ben)條(tiao)件：一(yi)(yi)是(shi)(shi)建設(she)主(zhu)體為省級(ji)(ji)及(ji)以上開(kai)發區(qu)(qu)(qu)，視(shi)情可(ke)拓展至(zhi)(zhi)近年來(lai)新建設(she)的省級(ji)(ji)新興(xing)產業園區(qu)(qu)(qu)或(huo)高新技術園區(qu)(qu)(qu)；二是(shi)(shi)建設(she)范(fan)圍可(ke)以是(shi)(shi)園區(qu)(qu)(qu)整體，也可(ke)以是(shi)(shi)有明確四(si)至(zhi)(zhi)邊(bian)界(jie)的“園中園”；三是(shi)(shi)園區(qu)(qu)(qu)應在(zai)能耗和碳排(pai)放統計、核算(suan)、計量(liang)、監測等方面(mian)具備一(yi)(yi)定基礎；四(si)是(shi)(shi)園區(qu)(qu)(qu)應在(zai)3年內未(wei)發生重大安全、環(huan)境事故或(huo)其他社會不良(liang)影(ying)響事件。

我國園(yuan)區(qu)(qu)數量眾(zhong)多，各類(lei)(lei)園(yuan)區(qu)(qu)體量規模(mo)、產(chan)業結構、用能(neng)(neng)特點差異較大，“零(ling)碳(tan)/近(jin)零(ling)碳(tan)”標準難以統一(yi)。《通(tong)知》創新提(ti)出“單(dan)位能(neng)(neng)耗碳(tan)排(pai)放(fang)”（即園(yuan)區(qu)(qu)內(nei)每消(xiao)費一(yi)噸標準煤(mei)的(de)各類(lei)(lei)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)所(suo)排(pai)放(fang)的(de)二氧化碳(tan)量），作為評判零(ling)碳(tan)園(yuan)區(qu)(qu)的(de)核心(xin)指(zhi)標，引(yin)導(dao)園(yuan)區(qu)(qu)在保障企業發展和(he)用能(neng)(neng)的(de)前提(ti)下，通(tong)過努力(li)使碳(tan)排(pai)放(fang)達到“近(jin)零(ling)”水平(ping)。除核心(xin)指(zhi)標外，《通(tong)知》還設置了清潔能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)消(xiao)費占比、園(yuan)區(qu)(qu)企業產(chan)品(pin)單(dan)位能(neng)(neng)耗、工(gong)(gong)業固廢綜(zong)合利用率(lv)、余熱余冷余壓綜(zong)合利用率(lv)、工(gong)(gong)業用水重復利用率(lv)等(deng)5項引(yin)導(dao)性(xing)指(zhi)標，從能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)結構、循(xun)環經濟(ji)、節約資源(yuan)等(deng)方面(mian)提(ti)出要(yao)求。

問：國家將如何支持零碳園區建設？

答：《通知》提出(chu)的(de)(de)支(zhi)持舉措可以歸納(na)為3個方面(mian)：一是資金保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)障(zhang)(zhang)。將統籌利用(yong)(yong)現有資金渠道(dao)支(zhi)持零(ling)(ling)碳(tan)(tan)園區(qu)(qu)(qu)建設(she)(she)，鼓勵各地(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)對零(ling)(ling)碳(tan)(tan)園區(qu)(qu)(qu)建設(she)(she)給予(yu)資金支(zhi)持，鼓勵政策性銀行對符合條件的(de)(de)項(xiang)目給予(yu)中長期信(xin)貸(dai)支(zhi)持。同時，支(zhi)持符合條件的(de)(de)企業發行債券用(yong)(yong)于零(ling)(ling)碳(tan)(tan)園區(qu)(qu)(qu)建設(she)(she)。二是服(fu)務保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)障(zhang)(zhang)。支(zhi)持園區(qu)(qu)(qu)多渠道(dao)引入(ru)外部人才、技術和(he)專業機構，服(fu)務企業節(jie)能降(jiang)碳(tan)(tan)改造(zao)、碳(tan)(tan)排放(fang)核算管理(li)、產品碳(tan)(tan)足跡認證(zheng)等(deng)。三是要素保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)障(zhang)(zhang)。強(qiang)(qiang)化用(yong)(yong)能要素保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)障(zhang)(zhang)，在零(ling)(ling)碳(tan)(tan)園區(qu)(qu)(qu)范(fan)圍(wei)內創新固定資產投資項(xiang)目節(jie)能審查和(he)碳(tan)(tan)排放(fang)評價模式，探索實施區(qu)(qu)(qu)域審批或項(xiang)目備案。加強(qiang)(qiang)新建園區(qu)(qu)(qu)、新能源電源、供電設(she)(she)施等(deng)用(yong)(yong)地(di)用(yong)(yong)海要素保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)障(zhang)(zhang)。

問：下一步將如何組織實施？

答(da)：國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)層(ceng)面(mian)，國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)改革(ge)委將(jiang)統籌推進(jin)零(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)碳(tan)園(yuan)(yuan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)，按照“謀劃一批、建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)一批、運行一批”的(de)總體安排(pai)，確定(ding)首批國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)級零(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)碳(tan)園(yuan)(yuan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)名單，在試點(dian)探索、項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)、資金(jin)安排(pai)等(deng)方(fang)面(mian)給(gei)(gei)予積極支(zhi)持。工(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)和(he)(he)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)化(hua)部將(jiang)指(zhi)(zhi)導各地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)推進(jin)工(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)園(yuan)(yuan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)低(di)碳(tan)化(hua)改造，推動(dong)具備條件(jian)的(de)工(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)園(yuan)(yuan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)零(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)碳(tan)園(yuan)(yuan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)能源(yuan)局(ju)指(zhi)(zhi)導各地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)加強零(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)碳(tan)園(yuan)(yuan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)綠色能源(yuan)供(gong)(gong)給(gei)(gei)體系建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)和(he)(he)改革(ge)創(chuang)新(xin)，推動(dong)園(yuan)(yuan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)供(gong)(gong)用(yong)能模式(shi)變革(ge)。地(di)(di)(di)方(fang)層(ceng)面(mian)，各地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)要(yao)(yao)深(shen)刻認識零(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)碳(tan)園(yuan)(yuan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)的(de)重大(da)意義(yi)，地(di)(di)(di)方(fang)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)改革(ge)委要(yao)(yao)會同本地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)工(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)和(he)(he)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)化(hua)、能源(yuan)主管部門組(zu)織推薦(jian)有(you)條件(jian)、有(you)意愿的(de)園(yuan)(yuan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)參與國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)級零(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)碳(tan)園(yuan)(yuan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)，同時也可結合(he)實際開(kai)展(zhan)本地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)省級零(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)碳(tan)園(yuan)(yuan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)。園(yuan)(yuan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)層(ceng)面(mian)，要(yao)(yao)立足自身資源(yuan)稟賦和(he)(he)產業(ye)(ye)(ye)特點(dian)科學(xue)論證、深(shen)入分析、綜合(he)測算，謀劃建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)零(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)碳(tan)園(yuan)(yuan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)的(de)路徑方(fang)式(shi)，確保技術方(fang)案能操(cao)作、工(gong)程項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)能落地(di)(di)(di)、創(chuang)新(xin)舉措能實施(shi)、要(yao)(yao)素資金(jin)能保障(zhang)，堅決防止(zhi)出現(xian)盲目(mu)(mu)決策、貪大(da)求全(quan)、大(da)干快上等(deng)錯誤(wu)傾(qing)向。