2月(yue)8日，國家能源局發布關于因地制宜做好(hao)可再生能源供暖(nuan)(nuan)工作(zuo)的通知（簡稱(cheng)通知），通知指出，鼓(gu)勵開(kai)展以清潔(jie)能源為主體的局域電(dian)網和微電(dian)網建設(she)，支持將風(feng)電(dian)、光伏、儲能和微電(dian)網方(fang)式用于北(bei)方(fang)地區取暖(nuan)(nuan)。

原文如下：

國家能(neng)源局關于(yu)因地制宜做好可再生能(neng)源供暖工作的通(tong)知

國能(neng)發新(xin)能(neng)〔2021〕3號

各(ge)省（自治區、直轄市）能源局、有關(guan)省（自治區、直轄市）及新疆生(sheng)產(chan)建設(she)兵團發(fa)展改革委：

利用(yong)可(ke)再生能源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)供暖是我國調整能源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)結構、實現(xian)節能減排、合理控制能源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)消(xiao)費總量的迫切需要(yao)，是完成非化石能源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)利用(yong)目標、建設清潔低碳社(she)會、實現(xian)能源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)可(ke)持續(xu)發(fa)展的必然選(xuan)擇(ze)。為(wei)進一(yi)步做好可(ke)再生能源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)供暖相關工作，現(xian)將(jiang)有關事項通知如(ru)下。

一(yi)、科學統籌規劃(hua)可再生能源供暖工(gong)作

將可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)再(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)生能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)作(zuo)為(wei)區域能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)規(gui)(gui)劃(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)一項(xiang)重要(yao)內容，在可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)再(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)生能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)發(fa)展(zhan)目標(biao)中應明確供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)發(fa)展(zhan)目標(biao)，根據(ju)當地資源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)稟賦和用能(neng)(neng)需(xu)求推廣可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)再(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)生能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)技術，合(he)(he)(he)理布局可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)再(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)生能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)項(xiang)目。做(zuo)好(hao)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)再(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)生能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)與(yu)其(qi)他供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)方式的(de)(de)(de)(de)銜(xian)接(jie)工作(zuo)，支持建(jian)設(she)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)再(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)生能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)與(yu)其(qi)他供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)方式相結合(he)(he)(he)的(de)(de)(de)(de)互補供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)體(ti)系。在城市更新(xin)、城鎮新(xin)區、產(chan)業(ye)園（區）的(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)(gui)劃(hua)建(jian)設(she)過程中，做(zuo)好(hao)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)再(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)生能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)與(yu)城市發(fa)展(zhan)規(gui)(gui)劃(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)銜(xian)接(jie)，促(cu)進可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)再(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)生能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)與(yu)常(chang)規(gui)(gui)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)系統融合(he)(he)(he)。重點(dian)關注城鎮供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)體(ti)系和熱(re)力(li)管網(wang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)(gui)劃(hua)設(she)計(ji)和改造，根據(ju)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)再(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)生能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)特點(dian)優化設(she)計(ji)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)熱(re)管網(wang)。在鄉(xiang)村(cun)(cun)振興戰(zhan)略實施過程中，做(zuo)好(hao)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)再(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)生能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)與(yu)鄉(xiang)村(cun)(cun)振興戰(zhan)略規(gui)(gui)劃(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)銜(xian)接(jie)，將可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)再(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)生能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)作(zuo)為(wei)滿(man)足鄉(xiang)村(cun)(cun)取暖(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)需(xu)求的(de)(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)方式之一。

二、因(yin)地制(zhi)宜推廣(guang)各類可(ke)再生能源供暖(nuan)技術

（一）積極推(tui)廣地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)熱(re)能(neng)開(kai)發(fa)利用(yong)(yong)。重點推(tui)進中深層(ceng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)熱(re)能(neng)供(gong)暖，按(an)照“以(yi)灌定采、采灌均衡(heng)、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)熱(re)均衡(heng)”的(de)原則，根據地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)熱(re)形成機理、地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)熱(re)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)品位和資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)量(liang)、地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)生態(tai)環(huan)境條(tiao)件(jian)，實施總(zong)量(liang)控制，分區(qu)分類管(guan)理，以(yi)集中與分散(san)相結合(he)的(de)方式推(tui)進中深層(ceng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)熱(re)能(neng)供(gong)暖。在(zai)條(tiao)件(jian)適宜(yi)的(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)加大“井下(xia)(xia)換熱(re)”技術推(tui)廣應用(yong)(yong)力度。積極開(kai)發(fa)淺層(ceng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)熱(re)能(neng)供(gong)暖，經濟高效替代(dai)散(san)煤供(gong)暖，在(zai)有(you)條(tiao)件(jian)的(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)發(fa)展(zhan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)表水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)、土壤源(yuan)、地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)供(gong)暖制冷等。鼓勵(li)利用(yong)(yong)油田采出水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)開(kai)展(zhan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)熱(re)能(neng)供(gong)暖、地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)與所含礦物質(zhi)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)綜(zong)合(he)利用(yong)(yong)等。在(zai)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)飲(yin)用(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)及其保護區(qu)范圍內，禁止(zhi)以(yi)保護的(de)目標含水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)層(ceng)作為(wei)(wei)熱(re)泵水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)。在(zai)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)禁限(xian)采區(qu)、深層(ceng)（承壓）含水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)層(ceng)以(yi)及地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)熱(re)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)無法有(you)效回灌的(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)或(huo)對應含水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)層(ceng)，禁止(zhi)以(yi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)作為(wei)(wei)熱(re)泵水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)。地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)回灌不得造成地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)污染(ran)。

（二）合理(li)發(fa)展(zhan)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)供(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)。有序發(fa)展(zhan)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)熱電(dian)(dian)聯產，因地(di)制宜(yi)加(jia)快生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)向(xiang)熱電(dian)(dian)聯產轉型升級，為具備資源條件(jian)的(de)縣(xian)城(cheng)、人口集(ji)中(zhong)的(de)農(nong)村(cun)提供(gong)民用供(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)，以(yi)及為中(zhong)小工業(ye)園區集(ji)中(zhong)供(gong)熱。合理(li)發(fa)展(zhan)以(yi)農(nong)林生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)成型燃料、生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)天然(ran)氣等為燃料的(de)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)供(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)，鼓勵采(cai)用大中(zhong)型鍋爐(lu)，在農(nong)村(cun)、城(cheng)鎮等人口聚集(ji)區進(jin)行區域集(ji)中(zhong)供(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)。生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)鍋爐(lu)不(bu)得摻燒煤(mei)炭(tan)、垃圾(ji)、工業(ye)固體廢物(wu)等其他物(wu)料，配套建設(she)布袋除塵等高效治污設(she)施，確保達標(biao)排放(fang)，鼓勵達到超低排放(fang)。在大氣污染防治非重(zhong)點地(di)區農(nong)村(cun)，可按照就地(di)取材(cai)原(yuan)則，因地(di)制宜(yi)推廣戶用生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)供(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)。

（三(san)）繼續(xu)推進(jin)太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)、風(feng)(feng)電(dian)供(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)。鼓(gu)(gu)勵大(da)中(zhong)型(xing)城市有供(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)需求的(de)民(min)用建筑(zhu)優(you)先使用太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)供(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)系(xi)統；鼓(gu)(gu)勵在小(xiao)城鎮和農村地區使用戶用太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)供(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)系(xi)統；在農業(ye)大(da)棚(peng)、養殖等用熱(re)需求大(da)且與(yu)太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)特性相(xiang)匹配的(de)行業(ye)充(chong)分利用太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)供(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)；在集中(zhong)供(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)網未覆蓋(gai)、有冷熱(re)雙供(gong)(gong)需求的(de)地區試點使用太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)熱(re)水、供(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)和制(zhi)冷三(san)聯(lian)供(gong)(gong)系(xi)統；鼓(gu)(gu)勵采用太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)供(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)與(yu)其他供(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)方式相(xiang)結(jie)合的(de)互補供(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)系(xi)統。構建政府(fu)、電(dian)網企(qi)業(ye)、發電(dian)企(qi)業(ye)、用戶側共同參(can)與(yu)的(de)風(feng)(feng)電(dian)供(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)協作機(ji)制(zhi)，通過熱(re)力站點蓄熱(re)鍋爐與(yu)風(feng)(feng)電(dian)場聯(lian)合調度運行實現(xian)風(feng)(feng)電(dian)清潔供(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)，提高風(feng)(feng)電(dian)供(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)項目整體(ti)運營(ying)效率和經濟性。

三、繼續推動試點(dian)示范工作(zuo)和重大項(xiang)目建設

在具備(bei)條件的(de)(de)地區開(kai)(kai)展試(shi)(shi)點(dian)示(shi)范(fan)(fan)工(gong)作和(he)重大項(xiang)(xiang)目建設(she)(she)(she)，探(tan)(tan)索可(ke)再生(sheng)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)項(xiang)(xiang)目運(yun)(yun)行(xing)和(he)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)經驗。在地熱(re)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)稟(bing)賦(fu)較好的(de)(de)地區可(ke)實施地熱(re)能(neng)(neng)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)重大項(xiang)(xiang)目建設(she)(she)(she)和(he)重點(dian)項(xiang)(xiang)目推廣。鼓(gu)(gu)勵(li)開(kai)(kai)展中深層(ceng)地熱(re)能(neng)(neng)集中利用(yong)(yong)(yong)示(shi)范(fan)(fan)工(gong)作，示(shi)范(fan)(fan)不同地熱(re)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)品位(wei)的(de)(de)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)利用(yong)(yong)(yong)模(mo)(mo)式(shi)(shi)和(he)應用(yong)(yong)(yong)范(fan)(fan)圍(wei)，探(tan)(tan)索有利于地熱(re)能(neng)(neng)開(kai)(kai)發(fa)利用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)新型管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)技術和(he)市場運(yun)(yun)營模(mo)(mo)式(shi)(shi)。宜采取地熱(re)區塊整體(ti)開(kai)(kai)發(fa)的(de)(de)方式(shi)(shi)推進(jin)地熱(re)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)，調動企業保護資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)、可(ke)持(chi)續(xu)開(kai)(kai)發(fa)的(de)(de)積(ji)極(ji)性。鼓(gu)(gu)勵(li)以縣(xian)為單(dan)(dan)位(wei)推進(jin)生(sheng)物(wu)質清(qing)潔供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)運(yun)(yun)行(xing)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)，一個縣(xian)域由一個項(xiang)(xiang)目單(dan)(dan)位(wei)統(tong)(tong)一推進(jin)，統(tong)(tong)籌規劃(hua)布局(ju)、完(wan)善(shan)建設(she)(she)(she)方案(an)、強(qiang)化項(xiang)(xiang)目運(yun)(yun)營、協調資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)收儲、完(wan)善(shan)終端(duan)服務，破解生(sheng)物(wu)質供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)小而散(san)的(de)(de)問題，規范(fan)(fan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)體(ti)系，提升經濟(ji)競爭力(li)。積(ji)極(ji)探(tan)(tan)索分散(san)型農村生(sheng)物(wu)質資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)利用(yong)(yong)(yong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)模(mo)(mo)式(shi)(shi)，鼓(gu)(gu)勵(li)在居住分散(san)、集中供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)氣困難、生(sheng)物(wu)質資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)豐富的(de)(de)農村地區，以縣(xian)域為單(dan)(dan)位(wei)統(tong)(tong)籌考慮開(kai)(kai)展生(sheng)物(wu)質能(neng)(neng)加工(gong)站建設(she)(she)(she)試(shi)(shi)點(dian)，對(dui)當地生(sheng)物(wu)質資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)實行(xing)統(tong)(tong)一開(kai)(kai)發(fa)、運(yun)(yun)營、服務和(he)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)，有效降低農村地區生(sheng)物(wu)質能(neng)(neng)取暖(nuan)成本，提高農村生(sheng)物(wu)質資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)綜合(he)利用(yong)(yong)(yong)水平。堅持(chi)試(shi)(shi)點(dian)先(xian)行(xing)，鼓(gu)(gu)勵(li)開(kai)(kai)展以清(qing)潔能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)為主(zhu)體(ti)的(de)(de)局(ju)域電網和(he)微(wei)電網建設(she)(she)(she)，支持(chi)將風電、光伏、儲能(neng)(neng)和(he)微(wei)電網方式(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)于北方地區取暖(nuan)。

四、做好(hao)可再(zai)生能源供暖支持(chi)政策(ce)保障

綜合(he)考慮(lv)可(ke)再生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)能源與常規能源供(gong)暖(nuan)成本、居民承(cheng)受能力等因素(su)，合(he)理(li)制定(ding)供(gong)暖(nuan)價格，探(tan)索建立符合(he)市場(chang)化原(yuan)則的(de)可(ke)再生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)能源供(gong)暖(nuan)投資(zi)運營(ying)模式。鼓勵(li)地方對地熱能供(gong)暖(nuan)、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)能清潔(jie)供(gong)暖(nuan)等可(ke)再生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)能源供(gong)暖(nuan)項目(mu)積極給予(yu)支(zhi)持(chi)。鼓勵(li)優(you)先(xian)建設生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)熱電(dian)聯產(chan)項目(mu)，從嚴控制只發電(dian)不供(gong)熱項目(mu)。同等條(tiao)件下，生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)發電(dian)補貼(tie)優(you)先(xian)支(zhi)持(chi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)熱電(dian)聯產(chan)項目(mu)。地熱能、戶用成型燃(ran)料(liao)爐具(ju)等居民供(gong)暖(nuan)方式不受供(gong)熱特(te)許經(jing)營(ying)權(quan)限制。支(zhi)持(chi)參與地熱勘探(tan)評價的(de)企業優(you)先(xian)獲得(de)地熱資(zi)源特(te)許經(jing)營(ying)資(zi)格。出臺體(ti)現生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)特(te)點和清潔(jie)取暖(nuan)要求的(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)成型燃(ran)料(liao)標準和生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)爐具(ju)產(chan)品標準。

五、加強對關鍵技術設備的研發支(zhi)持(chi)

支(zhi)持對高(gao)溫型(xing)熱(re)泵可(ke)靠運行、井(jing)下(xia)高(gao)效換熱(re)、中深(shen)層地熱(re)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)“取熱(re)不取水(shui)(shui)”開(kai)發利用技術(shu)(shu)、中深(shen)層地下(xia)熱(re)水(shui)(shui)采灌(guan)均(jun)衡、地熱(re)水(shui)(shui)開(kai)采和冷(leng)水(shui)(shui)回灌(guan)過程可(ke)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)造成的(de)(de)環(huan)境地質(zhi)問題分析(xi)及環(huan)境影響評價、地熱(re)尾水(shui)(shui)回灌(guan)和水(shui)(shui)處理、生物質(zhi)鍋爐、上料系統和戶(hu)用爐具安全使用及脫硝、太陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)季節(jie)性儲熱(re)供(gong)暖等(deng)關鍵技術(shu)(shu)和設備的(de)(de)研發。重視可(ke)再生能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)與常(chang)規能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)系統整合、集成技術(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)研發示(shi)范(fan)，提高(gao)常(chang)規能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)系統對可(ke)再生能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)接納(na)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力。

六、完(wan)善可(ke)再生能源供暖(nuan)政府管理體(ti)系

明確各(ge)地(di)(di)可再(zai)生能(neng)源供暖工(gong)(gong)(gong)作主管(guan)部門及(ji)各(ge)部門職責分(fen)工(gong)(gong)(gong)，避免出(chu)現缺(que)位(wei)管(guan)理、多頭管(guan)理、重復管(guan)理的現象。加強可再(zai)生能(neng)源供暖工(gong)(gong)(gong)作監管(guan)，建立(li)健(jian)全項目前期、審批(pi)及(ji)運(yun)行過程的監管(guan)機制，保障行業規范化管(guan)理。地(di)(di)熱(re)能(neng)方面，應建立(li)企業回灌信用體(ti)系，支持(chi)地(di)(di)熱(re)能(neng)可持(chi)續開發利(li)用。

請各單位按上(shang)述要求認真做好(hao)各項工作(zuo)，如遇(yu)重(zhong)大事項請及時(shi)報告我局。

國(guo)家能源局(ju)

2021年1月27日

現就文件的出臺背景、目的、主要內容等進行解讀：

一、出(chu)臺(tai)背景和目的(de)

近(jin)年(nian)來，隨著“生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)優(you)先、綠色(se)發(fa)展(zhan)”的(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)理(li)念逐(zhu)步(bu)深入人心，大(da)力(li)發(fa)展(zhan)可(ke)再生(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)、加快能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)轉型發(fa)展(zhan)已成為全球共識。2020年(nian)9月，習(xi)近(jin)平主席在第七十五屆聯(lian)合(he)國(guo)大(da)會一(yi)般性辯論上提出“二氧化碳(tan)(tan)排放力(li)爭于2030年(nian)前(qian)達到峰值，努(nu)力(li)爭取2060年(nian)前(qian)實(shi)現碳(tan)(tan)中和”，為我(wo)國(guo)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)發(fa)展(zhan)描繪了(le)新的(de)(de)宏(hong)偉藍圖。在鼓勵(li)倡導可(ke)再生(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)開發(fa)利(li)用的(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)形勢(shi)下，利(li)用可(ke)再生(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)供暖成為我(wo)國(guo)調整能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)結構、應對氣候變化、合(he)理(li)控制能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)消費總量的(de)(de)迫切需要和完(wan)成非化石能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)利(li)用目標、建(jian)設清(qing)潔低碳(tan)(tan)社會、實(shi)現能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)可(ke)持續發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)必(bi)然選擇。為指(zhi)導各(ge)地進一(yi)步(bu)做好可(ke)再生(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)供暖相關工作，2021年(nian)1月27日我(wo)局印發(fa)了(le)《通知》。

二、主要內容

《通知》主要是(shi)(shi)對(dui)地(di)(di)方(fang)推進(jin)可(ke)再生能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)供暖提(ti)出(chu)(chu)了(le)一(yi)(yi)些(xie)(xie)要求，同時還(huan)提(ti)出(chu)(chu)了(le)一(yi)(yi)些(xie)(xie)配套支(zhi)持(chi)政策(ce)。具(ju)體要求方(fang)面(mian)(mian)，《通知》提(ti)出(chu)(chu)一(yi)(yi)是(shi)(shi)要科學統籌規劃(hua)相關(guan)工作(zuo)，合(he)理(li)布(bu)局(ju)可(ke)再生能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)供暖項目(mu)(mu)；二(er)是(shi)(shi)因地(di)(di)制(zhi)宜推廣各類可(ke)再生能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)供暖技術(shu)，充分發揮各類可(ke)再生能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)在(zai)供暖中的(de)(de)積(ji)極作(zuo)用；三是(shi)(shi)繼續(xu)推動試(shi)點示范工作(zuo)和(he)(he)(he)重大項目(mu)(mu)建設，探索先(xian)進(jin)的(de)(de)項目(mu)(mu)運(yun)行(xing)和(he)(he)(he)管(guan)理(li)經驗(yan)；四(si)是(shi)(shi)進(jin)一(yi)(yi)步完(wan)善政府管(guan)理(li)體系，加(jia)強關(guan)鍵技術(shu)設備(bei)研發支(zhi)持(chi)。支(zhi)持(chi)政策(ce)方(fang)面(mian)(mian)，《通知》提(ti)出(chu)(chu)制(zhi)定供暖價格時應綜(zong)合(he)考慮可(ke)再生能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)與常規能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)供暖成本、居民承受能(neng)(neng)力等因素， 明確(que)了(le)生物質熱(re)電(dian)聯產、地(di)(di)熱(re)能(neng)(neng)開發利用方(fang)面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)支(zhi)持(chi)內(nei)容，并鼓勵(li)地(di)(di)方(fang)對(dui)地(di)(di)熱(re)能(neng)(neng)供暖和(he)(he)(he)生物質能(neng)(neng)清潔(jie)供暖等項目(mu)(mu)積(ji)極給予支(zhi)持(chi)。

三(san)、對相關規劃的要求

一是各地(di)在區(qu)域(yu)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)規(gui)劃中應(ying)(ying)當將可再生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)供(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)作為一項重要(yao)內(nei)容，明確發(fa)展(zhan)目標，根據當地(di)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)稟賦(fu)和用能(neng)需(xu)求(qiu)推廣可再生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)供(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)技術，合(he)理布(bu)局(ju)項目，在現有供(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)方(fang)式的(de)基礎上做好(hao)與(yu)可再生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)供(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)的(de)銜(xian)接(jie)工(gong)作，支持建設(she)可再生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)與(yu)其(qi)他供(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)方(fang)式相結合(he)的(de)互(hu)補(bu)供(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)體系。二是做好(hao)城(cheng)市更新、城(cheng)鎮新區(qu)、產(chan)業園(yuan)（區(qu)）規(gui)劃建設(she)過(guo)程(cheng)中的(de)可再生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)供(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)與(yu)城(cheng)市發(fa)展(zhan)規(gui)劃銜(xian)接(jie)工(gong)作，關注(zhu)城(cheng)鎮供(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)體系和熱力管網的(de)規(gui)劃設(she)計和改造，根據可再生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)的(de)特點優化設(she)計供(gong)熱管網。三是提出應(ying)(ying)做好(hao)可再生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)供(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)與(yu)鄉(xiang)村振興戰略規(gui)劃的(de)銜(xian)接(jie)。“十四五”期間國(guo)家將全面實施(shi)鄉(xiang)村振興戰略，各地(di)應(ying)(ying)將可再生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)作為滿足鄉(xiang)村取暖(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)需(xu)求(qiu)的(de)重要(yao)方(fang)式之一。

四(si)、對各類可(ke)再生能源供暖技術的要(yao)求

（一(yi)）地熱能供暖(nuan)

地(di)熱能(neng)(neng)是一種綠色(se)低碳、可循環(huan)利(li)(li)用(yong)的可再生能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)，具有儲量大(da)、分(fen)布(bu)廣、清潔環(huan)保、穩定可靠等特點。我國地(di)熱資源(yuan)(yuan)豐富(fu)，市(shi)場潛力(li)巨大(da)，發(fa)展(zhan)前(qian)景廣闊。開發(fa)利(li)(li)用(yong)地(di)熱能(neng)(neng)不僅對調整能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)結構、節能(neng)(neng)減排(pai)、改善環(huan)境具有重(zhong)要(yao)意義，而且(qie)對培育新興產(chan)業、促進(jin)新型城鎮(zhen)化(hua)建設、增加就業均具有顯著的拉動效應。

《通知》提出，一是(shi)重點推(tui)進中(zhong)(zhong)深(shen)層(ceng)地(di)(di)(di)熱(re)(re)能(neng)(neng)供暖(nuan)(nuan)，按照“以灌定采(cai)、采(cai)灌均衡(heng)、水熱(re)(re)均衡(heng)”的(de)(de)原(yuan)則，根據地(di)(di)(di)熱(re)(re)形(xing)成(cheng)機理(li)(li)、地(di)(di)(di)熱(re)(re)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)品位和資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)量(liang)、地(di)(di)(di)下(xia)水生態環境條件(jian)，實施總(zong)量(liang)控制，分(fen)區(qu)分(fen)類管理(li)(li)，以集(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)與分(fen)散相結合的(de)(de)方式推(tui)進中(zhong)(zhong)深(shen)層(ceng)地(di)(di)(di)熱(re)(re)能(neng)(neng)供暖(nuan)(nuan)。在條件(jian)適宜的(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)加大“井下(xia)換熱(re)(re)”技術推(tui)廣應用(yong)力度。鼓(gu)勵開(kai)展中(zhong)(zhong)深(shen)層(ceng)地(di)(di)(di)熱(re)(re)能(neng)(neng)集(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)利用(yong)示范(fan)工作，示范(fan)不同地(di)(di)(di)熱(re)(re)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)品位的(de)(de)供暖(nuan)(nuan)利用(yong)模式和應用(yong)范(fan)圍(wei)，探(tan)索(suo)有利于地(di)(di)(di)熱(re)(re)能(neng)(neng)開(kai)發(fa)(fa)利用(yong)的(de)(de)新(xin)型(xing)管理(li)(li)技術和市場運營模式。二是(shi)積(ji)極開(kai)發(fa)(fa)淺層(ceng)地(di)(di)(di)熱(re)(re)能(neng)(neng)供暖(nuan)(nuan)，經濟(ji)高效替代散煤供暖(nuan)(nuan)，在有條件(jian)的(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)發(fa)(fa)展地(di)(di)(di)表水源(yuan)(yuan)、土壤(rang)源(yuan)(yuan)、地(di)(di)(di)下(xia)水源(yuan)(yuan)供暖(nuan)(nuan)制冷等。

《通知(zhi)》還(huan)提出了(le)一些支持地熱(re)(re)(re)能開(kai)(kai)發(fa)利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)的建(jian)議措(cuo)施，如在地熱(re)(re)(re)資源稟賦較好的地區(qu)(qu)可實(shi)施地熱(re)(re)(re)能供(gong)暖重大項目(mu)建(jian)設和重點項目(mu)推(tui)廣；宜采取地熱(re)(re)(re)區(qu)(qu)塊整體(ti)開(kai)(kai)發(fa)的方(fang)式推(tui)進地熱(re)(re)(re)供(gong)暖；支持參與地熱(re)(re)(re)勘(kan)探評價的企業優先獲得地熱(re)(re)(re)資源特許經(jing)營資格(ge)；地熱(re)(re)(re)能供(gong)暖不受供(gong)熱(re)(re)(re)特許經(jing)營權(quan)限制；鼓勵利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)油田(tian)采出水(shui)(shui)開(kai)(kai)展(zhan)地熱(re)(re)(re)能供(gong)暖、地下水(shui)(shui)資源與所含(han)礦物質(zhi)資源綜合利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)等(deng)。對于高(gao)溫型熱(re)(re)(re)泵可靠運行、井下高(gao)效換(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)、中深層地下水(shui)(shui)采灌均衡(heng)等(deng)關鍵技(ji)術(shu)研發(fa)，《通知(zhi)》明確應積極予(yu)以支持。

此外，《通(tong)知(zhi)》還明確了地(di)(di)熱能開(kai)發利用(yong)(yong)有(you)關要求(qiu)。在(zai)地(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)飲(yin)用(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源地(di)(di)及其保護(hu)區范圍內(nei)，禁(jin)(jin)止(zhi)以(yi)(yi)保護(hu)的目標(biao)含(han)(han)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)層(ceng)作為熱泵(beng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源。在(zai)地(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)禁(jin)(jin)限采區、深層(ceng)（承壓(ya)）含(han)(han)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)層(ceng)以(yi)(yi)及地(di)(di)熱水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)無法有(you)效回(hui)灌(guan)的地(di)(di)區或對應含(han)(han)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)層(ceng)，禁(jin)(jin)止(zhi)以(yi)(yi)地(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)作為熱泵(beng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源。地(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)回(hui)灌(guan)不得(de)造成地(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)污染。

（二）生(sheng)物質供暖(nuan)

生物質能供暖具有布(bu)局靈活、適應性強的特點，適宜就(jiu)(jiu)近收集原料、就(jiu)(jiu)地加工轉換、就(jiu)(jiu)近消費(fei)、分布(bu)式開發利用，可(ke)用于資源豐富(fu)地區的縣(xian)城及農村取暖，在用戶側(ce)直接實現煤(mei)炭替(ti)代。

《通知(zhi)》提出，一(yi)是有序發展生物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)熱電(dian)聯產(chan)，因地制宜加快(kuai)生物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)發電(dian)向熱電(dian)聯產(chan)轉型(xing)升級，為(wei)具(ju)備(bei)資源條件的(de)縣城(cheng)、人(ren)口集(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)農村(cun)提供(gong)民用供(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan)，以(yi)及(ji)為(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)小(xiao)工業園區集(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)供(gong)熱。同(tong)等(deng)條件下，生物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)發電(dian)補貼優先支持生物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)熱電(dian)聯產(chan)項目。二(er)是合理發展以(yi)農林生物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)、生物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)成(cheng)型(xing)燃(ran)料(liao)、生物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)天然氣等(deng)為(wei)燃(ran)料(liao)的(de)生物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)供(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan)，鼓勵(li)采用大中(zhong)(zhong)型(xing)鍋爐(lu)，在農村(cun)、城(cheng)鎮(zhen)等(deng)人(ren)口聚(ju)集(ji)區進行區域(yu)集(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)供(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan)。三(san)是在大氣污染防(fang)治非重(zhong)點地區農村(cun)，可按照就地取材原則因地制宜推廣戶用成(cheng)型(xing)燃(ran)料(liao)爐(lu)具(ju)供(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan)，戶用成(cheng)型(xing)燃(ran)料(liao)爐(lu)具(ju)供(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan)可不受供(gong)熱特許經(jing)營(ying)權(quan)限(xian)制。

運(yun)行管(guan)理(li)模(mo)(mo)式方(fang)面，《通知(zhi)》鼓勵(li)以縣為單位(wei)推進(jin)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)清潔供(gong)暖(nuan)運(yun)行管(guan)理(li)，一個縣域由(you)一個項目單位(wei)統(tong)一推進(jin)，統(tong)籌規劃(hua)布局、完善(shan)建(jian)設方(fang)案(an)、強化項目運(yun)營(ying)(ying)、協調資(zi)源(yuan)收(shou)儲、完善(shan)終端(duan)服(fu)務，破解生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)供(gong)暖(nuan)小而散的問題，規范管(guan)理(li)體(ti)系，提(ti)升經濟競爭力。《通知(zhi)》提(ti)出，應(ying)積極探索分散型農(nong)村生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)資(zi)源(yuan)利(li)(li)用(yong)管(guan)理(li)模(mo)(mo)式，鼓勵(li)在居住分散、集(ji)中供(gong)暖(nuan)供(gong)氣(qi)困難、生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)資(zi)源(yuan)豐(feng)富的農(nong)村地區，以縣域為單位(wei)統(tong)籌考慮開展生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能加工(gong)站建(jian)設試(shi)點(dian)，對當地生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)資(zi)源(yuan)實行統(tong)一開發、運(yun)營(ying)(ying)、服(fu)務和(he)管(guan)理(li)，有效降(jiang)低農(nong)村地區生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能取暖(nuan)成(cheng)本，提(ti)高農(nong)村生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)資(zi)源(yuan)綜合利(li)(li)用(yong)水(shui)平。

此外，《通(tong)知》還對生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)質(zhi)供暖提出了(le)一些要求(qiu)，包括生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)質(zhi)鍋爐(lu)不(bu)(bu)得摻燒煤炭、垃(la)圾、工業固(gu)體廢物(wu)(wu)等(deng)(deng)其他物(wu)(wu)料(liao)，配套建設布(bu)袋除塵等(deng)(deng)高效治污設施，確保(bao)達標(biao)排放，鼓勵(li)達到超低排放；鼓勵(li)優(you)先建設生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)質(zhi)熱電(dian)聯(lian)產項(xiang)目，從嚴控制只發電(dian)不(bu)(bu)供熱項(xiang)目；應出臺(tai)體現生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)質(zhi)特點和清(qing)潔取暖要求(qiu)的生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)質(zhi)成型燃(ran)料(liao)標(biao)準和生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)質(zhi)爐(lu)具(ju)產品標(biao)準等(deng)(deng)。

（三）太陽能供暖

太陽能(neng)供(gong)熱采(cai)暖是可(ke)再(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)源利(li)用的重(zhong)要(yao)領域(yu)，技術成熟，經(jing)濟性較(jiao)好(hao)，已廣(guang)泛應(ying)用于生(sheng)活(huo)及工業熱水(shui)供(gong)應(ying)，為推進清潔供(gong)暖、改善大氣環境質量(liang)發揮了積極(ji)作用。在(zai)資(zi)源豐富地區，太陽能(neng)適合與其(qi)他(ta)能(neng)源結(jie)合，實現熱水(shui)、供(gong)暖復(fu)合系(xi)統的應(ying)用。

結(jie)(jie)合(he)(he)其技術特(te)(te)點，《通知(zhi)》建(jian)議將(jiang)太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)與其他供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)方式(shi)相結(jie)(jie)合(he)(he)，明確鼓勵在以(yi)下幾種(zhong)場(chang)景利用太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)。一是(shi)(shi)大(da)中(zhong)(zhong)型城市(shi)有供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)需(xu)求(qiu)的(de)民用建(jian)筑優先使用太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)系統；二(er)是(shi)(shi)小(xiao)城鎮(zhen)(zhen)和(he)農村地區使用戶用太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)系統；三是(shi)(shi)在條件(jian)適宜(yi)的(de)中(zhong)(zhong)小(xiao)城鎮(zhen)(zhen)、民用及公共建(jian)筑上推廣太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)熱(re)(re)(re)系統，采取集中(zhong)(zhong)式(shi)與分布式(shi)結(jie)(jie)合(he)(he)的(de)方式(shi)進行建(jian)筑供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)；四是(shi)(shi)在農業大(da)棚、養殖等用熱(re)(re)(re)需(xu)求(qiu)大(da)且與太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)特(te)(te)性相匹配的(de)行業充分利用太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)；五是(shi)(shi)在集中(zhong)(zhong)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)網未(wei)覆蓋、有冷(leng)熱(re)(re)(re)雙供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)需(xu)求(qiu)的(de)地區試點使用太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)熱(re)(re)(re)水、供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)和(he)制(zhi)冷(leng)三聯供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)系統。