光(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)是(shi)一(yi)種(zhong)具(ju)有光(guang)(guang)(guang)－電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)轉換特(te)(te)(te)(te)性(xing)的(de)半導體(ti)(ti)器件，它直接(jie)將(jiang)太陽輻射能(neng)轉換成(cheng)直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，是(shi)光(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)最基本單元(yuan)。光(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)特(te)(te)(te)(te)有的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)特(te)(te)(te)(te)性(xing)是(shi)借(jie)助(zhu)于在(zai)晶體(ti)(ti)硅中摻入某(mou)些(xie)元(yuan)素（例如(ru)：磷或硼等），從(cong)而(er)在(zai)材料的(de)分子電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷里造(zao)成(cheng)永久的(de)不平衡，形成(cheng)具(ju)有特(te)(te)(te)(te)殊電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)性(xing)能(neng)的(de)半導體(ti)(ti)材料。在(zai)陽光(guang)(guang)(guang)照射下，具(ju)有特(te)(te)(te)(te)殊電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)性(xing)能(neng)的(de)半導體(ti)(ti)內可以產生自由電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷，這(zhe)些(xie)自由電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷定向移(yi)動并積(ji)累，從(cong)而(er)在(zai)其(qi)兩端(duan)(duan)形成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動勢，當用(yong)導體(ti)(ti)將(jiang)其(qi)兩端(duan)(duan)閉合時便產生電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流。這(zhe)種(zhong)現象被稱(cheng)(cheng)為“光(guang)(guang)(guang)生伏(fu)特(te)(te)(te)(te)效應”，簡(jian)稱(cheng)(cheng)“光(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)效應”。